By following a strict and balanced diet, diabetes can be cured. Diabetes diet will slow down the rate of disease development and will have a beneficial effect on the patient's condition. It must be observed constantly. The main methods of preventing side effects are self-discipline and a varied diabetic menu.
General recommendations
When diabetes has just started, it is imperative to set limits on foods high in carbohydrates and sugar, as they can raise blood sugar levels. However, despite the established restrictions, the body needs a balanced intake of useful components. In this case, doctors prescribe a diet to the patient. Failure to follow a diet can have a negative effect on your health. Of course, prescribed medications must be taken. But a detailed diet for diabetes, compiled by a doctor, will only improve the physical condition.
To control hunger, you need to eat often - at least 5-6 times a day and in small portions, including main meals and snacks.
There are principles of diet therapy for patients with diabetes. If you have first-degree obesity, it is better to give preference to vegetables and fruits instead of flour or fatty foods. It is more useful to season salads with olive oil by adding a few drops of lemon. Low-fat cottage cheese, soy, oatmeal and lean fish should be included in the diet to speed up the metabolic processes of the liver. It is better to prepare vegetable broths from the first dishes. You have to wait with meat broths or cook soups on secondary broth. It is necessary to limit the consumption of eggs, potatoes, corn. If there are any, then very few and rare. As for salt, the recommended serving per day is less than half a teaspoon. And it is desirable to be sea salt.
Nutritional characteristics for different categories
The fact is that the purpose of the diet depends on the type of diabetes and the category to which the person belongs: for children, for pregnant women, for insulin-dependent people or with early diabetes, the diet varies. Although the general principles of nutrition apply to all categories, each requires a separate approach to this issue.
Simple food is the best diet for pregnancy with diabetes.
A strict diet for people with type 1 diabetes, that is, for people who need insulin, should consist of foods rich in protein and fiber. You will need to limit your intake of salt, fats, fast carbs and foods that irritate the gastrointestinal tract and also contain sugar.
Unlike diabetes in maintaining insulin, in type II diabetes the diet helps to reduce the caloric content of food and normalize metabolism. In case of excess blood sugar, such a diet will reduce it. The same diet will serve during the onset of diabetes. A pregnant woman's diet should be as balanced as possible without harming the baby. The best diet for a mother-to-be is simple food.
About the glycemic index and calories
The nutritional value of products determines how many useful components will be converted into energy for the body. And the glycemic index of food shows how quickly carbohydrates are absorbed, while raising blood sugar levels. Therefore, in type 2 diabetes, you should eat foods with a low glycemic index, because the carbohydrates present in them have time to be consumed by the body and distributed evenly in it. And carbohydrates in foods with such a high percentage contribute to the deposition of fats that do not have time to be fully converted into energy.
In addition to the number of calories, the value of the glycemic index of various foods can be found in tables on a scale from 0 to 100. But to plan a diet effectively, you need to consider a number of factors that affect changes in calories and glycemic index. The main ones include:
Cooking in a slow cooker is one of the acceptable ways to heat food.
- Method of cooking. The glycemic index of foods increases during heat treatment, especially if they are fried. The products should be baked, boiled or cooked in a slow cooker.
- Properties of fibers. Eating fruit peels, grains and beans will slow down the breakdown of glucose, preventing the glycemic index from rising.
- The ripeness of fruits and vegetables. The more ripe the fruit, the more caloric it is.
What can you eat?
The initial stage of diabetes may not be complicated if dietary treatment is strictly followed.
Here is a list of foods that can diversify your daily diet menu:
- soups based on vegetable broths, as well as first meals of low fat 1-2 times a week;
- wholemeal bread and bran;
- boiled, stewed or roasted chicken, turkey, rabbit, young beef;
- maximum dietary seafood and fish of low-fat varieties: pink salmon, hake, pike;
- buckwheat, wheat porridge, oatmeal;
- low-fat milk and cottage cheese;
- 1 egg a day;
- vegetables and unsweetened fruits;
- homemade sauces of vegetables and dairy products;
- Desserts and meals for diabetics;
- any tea, coffee with milk, herbal teas (especially with the addition of rose hips), juices of fresh unsweetened fruit.
What should not be consumed?
People with high blood sugar will have to give up pasta.
Foods not recommended for diabetics are listed below:
- high-calorie desserts and pastries;
- chocolate and cocoa;
- jam, marmalade and honey;
- fresh and dried fruits rich in sugar, such as grapes and bananas, figs, raisins and dates;
- fatty meat dishes;
- animal fats;
- pasta, rice and semolina;
- smoked and canned;
- dairy products with a high percentage of fat and sugar;
- alcoholic beverages.
How to replace the damage?
Delicious and sweet foods should be excluded from the diabetes menu. But harmful products need proper replacement. Diabetic food is the simplest alternative. Options for replacing banned products can be found both on the shelves of regular grocery stores and in specialized ones. The table shows which healthy foods can take the place of the forbidden ones.
> zxtable border = "1" cellpadding = "0" >Table number 9
The diet includes drinking about 2 liters of water a day.
According to diet number 9, no more than 2, 400 calories a day are allowed. If translated into grams, this equates to 85 g of protein, 80 g of vegetable fat and 300 g of carbohydrates. Diet for suspected diabetes should be physiologically balanced.
In diabetes and type 1 and 2, the daily water intake should be 2-3 liters at a rate of 30-40 mm per kilogram of body weight. It is recommended to use only purified water, without pathogenic microbes and bacteria.
Prolonged lack of clean water can lead to dehydration / dehydration. For a diabetic, losing 25% of body fluids can be fatal.
In addition to pure water, diabetics can use "mineral water". However, it can be different. Table versions with a salinity of up to 1 g per liter are allowed to drink without restrictions. They contain safe amounts of minerals. Eating mineral water"Stimulates digestion and improves insulin absorption. Before use, open the bottle and wait for the gases to" escape "from it.
Sample menu
The diet for diabetics should be varied.
The best solution is to create a menu a week or a month in advance. But for starters you can handle a menu for every day. When compiling the menu, you should choose the most diabetic recipes. You can also make a weekly menu from the usual dishes. Proper daily nutrition will increase your chances of recovery. Below is a sample menu for diabetes.
> zxtable border = "1" cellpadding = "0" >Basic meals
A diabetic's breakfast should be plentiful, but overeating and eating heavy foods that include grains and legumes, with the exception of buckwheat and oatmeal, is not worth it. You can make salads, fruit mousses, berries and vegetables. Dairy products are also the basis for a good breakfast. Lightly fried zucchini in a light sour cream sauce will be a good appetizer.
A good lunch for diabetics will be mushrooms, vegetable soups, cereal soups or beans cooked in meat broth. As a main dish you can eat porridge with salad or meat cutlet. The best salad dressing is olive, flaxseed or cedar oil, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. You can eat between meals with lactic acid products with the addition of delicious fruits.
Evening meals should be light and nutritious. It is better to prepare a dish that will consist mainly of protein. Healthy lentils in combination with vegetables or salads from them are suitable for dinner for diabetics. If you want to eat late, before going to bed you can drink a glass of warm milk, fermented baked milk or eat some low-fat cottage cheese.
Other dietary tables for diabetes
Table 8 is the best diet for overweight and diabetic people. But this diet is prescribed provided that there are no heart diseases and gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose of the diet is weight loss. Consumption of salt and foods that stimulate the appetite are minimized. You should also drink no more than 1, 2 liters of water. Diet 8 allows you to consume no more than 1700 calories a day. These are 80 g of protein, 70 g of fat (one third of which is vegetable), 150 g of carbohydrates and 6 g of salt.
Doctors recommend mastering the 5th table for patients with diabetes and concomitant diseases of the liver and biliary tract. The diet excludes fatty and fried foods, foods containing cholesterol, essential oils, oxalic acid. It is allowed to bake food or cook, you can stew, but in exceptional cases. This diet promotes the normalization of the digestive tract, rejuvenation and slows the development of diabetes.
With diet number 10 you need to give up fatty foods.
For diabetics with cardiac pathology, a diet corresponding to diet 10. The developed table 10 is intended for normalization of blood circulation, heart rate and restoration of metabolic processes in patients with diabetes. Diet for diabetics prohibits fatty, salty foods, irritating foods for the nervous, circulatory system and gastrointestinal tract. Instead, you should eat foods enriched with iodine, potassium, magnesium.
You can experiment with recipes by adding certain ingredients as allowed.
Healthy recipes
Vegetable breakfast
Cut into large slices 400 g of white cabbage, 6 small tomatoes, 2 carrots, 2 medium onions and 3 fresh peppers. The resulting ingredients should be stewed briefly in a small amount of vegetable oil and medium heat. Served as a separate dish. Tasty with poultry and beef or roasted fish. Season to taste.
Baked cabbage pancakes
Cut half a kilo of white cabbage, add parsley, dill, green onions, 1 tablespoon kefir, 1 egg, 50 g lightly salted cheese, 1 tablespoon bran, flour (to the consistency of sour cream). Mix the resulting ingredients and send in a cool place for 30 minutes. Then spread the pancakes on a baking tray and bake until golden brown at 180 degrees.